Para pengrajin fiberglass tentu sudah tidak asing lagi dengan nama katalis, dan 30% hingga 60% kandungan murni secara umum digunakan sebagai campuran pengeras resin poliester (UPR) dalam pembuatan barang-barang berbahan fiberglass. Nama kimia dari cairan katalis untuk resin ini adalah MEKP adalah singkatan dari Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide. Mungkin bagi sebagian masyarakat awam masih kurang mengetahui sifat atau karakteristik MEKP ini dan perlu diketahui bahwa cairan ini merupakan bahan kimia yang sangat berbahaya apabila tidak ditangani dengan baik dan benar. Untuk lebih jelasnya mari kita simak pembahasan di bawah ini:
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| Katalis (MEKP) Resin Poliester |
Baca Juga: Jenis Resin yang Umum Digunakan pada Saat ini dan Perbedaannya
Keamanan Penyimpanan
Katalis memiliki dampak negatif terhadap barang lain (korosif) sehingga merupakan barang yang dilarang untuk angkutan-angkutan tertentu terutama angkutan udara. Angkutan yang paling umum digunakan adalah angkutan darat yang ketat dalam ijin serta pengawasan instansi-instansi terkait. Cairan ini juga sangat mudah terbakar akibat pengaruh panas api maupun sinar matahari dan oleh sebab itu wadah penyimpanan juga sangat menentukan keamanan cairan katalis MEKP ini. Idealnya, cairan katalis ini harus disimpan di bawah suhu dingin tetapi bukan berarti disimpan bersama-sama dengan makanan lain di dalam lemari pendingin. Katalis bisa merusak dan mempengaruhi kialitas kesehatan produk makanan berbahan susu maka perlu di tutup rapat dengan baik atau ditempatkan di lemari pendingin yang tidak menyimpan barang makanan. Meskipun beberapa peneliti menemukan bahwa katalis MEKP tidak mencemari makanan atau minuman dalam kemasan kaleng, tetap saja penempatannya sebisa mungkin harus dihindari secara bersamaan.
Selanjutnya adalah keamanan pada saat penggunaan dimana saat mencampur katalis MEKP dengan resin dituntut proses pengerjaan dengan hati-hati terlebih saat melakukan pencampuran. Apabila menuang dengan sembarangan, katalis MEKP bisa tersiram atau tumpah dari wadah pencampur. Sebaiknya gunakanlah gelas ukur dan bukan jarum suntik karena bisa terciprat ke mata pada saat menyemprotkannya ke dalam wadah. Mohon dicatat bahwa cairan katalis MEKP ini sangat berbahaya apabila terkena mata bahkan bisa mengakibatkan kebutaan permanen.
hal yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah untuk menjauhkan dari jangkauan anak-anak dan jika mereka menggunakannya, pastikan mereka diinstruksikan dalam penggunaannya dan diawasi dengan benar.
Dewasa ini, sebagian besar pengguna resin tertarik menambahkan akselerator untuk mempercepat pengerasan seperti kobalt yaitu cairan berwarna biru/ungu. Penggunaan kobalt juga sangat perlu diperhatikan pada saat mencampur dengan resin dan harus benar-benar tercampur rata terlebih dahulu sebelum menambahkan katalis MEKP. Pencampuran katalis MEKP yang tidak disengaja dengan akselerator kobalt akan menghasilkan reaksi yang sangat berbahaya yaitu ledakan dan api.
Dalam beberapa video percobaan di Youtube bisa kita temukan beberapa video yang menunjukkan bahaya MEKP ini seperti dengan menghentakkan palu ke atas tetesan atau mencoba membakarnya dengan api. MEKP yang digunakan adalah MEKP murni, tetapi untuk keselamatan dan keamanan transportasi maupun kerja, MEKP yang banyak dipasarkan sekarang ini telah dicampur dengan dimethyl phthalate, cyclohexane peroxide, atau diallyl phthalate untuk mengurangi sensitifitas cairan mEKP ini terhadap hentakan maupun api. Benzoyl peroxide juga telah digunakan untuk tujuan yang sama.
Dalam beberapa video percobaan di Youtube bisa kita temukan beberapa video yang menunjukkan bahaya MEKP ini seperti dengan menghentakkan palu ke atas tetesan atau mencoba membakarnya dengan api. MEKP yang digunakan adalah MEKP murni, tetapi untuk keselamatan dan keamanan transportasi maupun kerja, MEKP yang banyak dipasarkan sekarang ini telah dicampur dengan dimethyl phthalate, cyclohexane peroxide, atau diallyl phthalate untuk mengurangi sensitifitas cairan mEKP ini terhadap hentakan maupun api. Benzoyl peroxide juga telah digunakan untuk tujuan yang sama.
Pertolongan Pertama
MEKP bisa membahayakan mata dan seperti dikatakan di atas bisa mengakibatkan kebutaan permanen. Melindungi mata pada saat menggunakan merupakan tindakan pencegahan yang sanat wajib yaitu dengan menggunakan kaca mata pelindung. Apabila tersiram ke mata, hal pertama yang harus dilakukan adalah dengan menyiramkan air bersih yang mengalir seperti air keran selama 15 menit tanpa henti, kemudian segera melakukan konsultasi ke pihak medis. Sekali lagi perlu ditegaskan bahwa hal ini sangat penting karena kebutaan permanen bisa terjadi dalam waktu 15 detik.
Jika tertelan jangan memaksakan muntah karena akan memperparah saluran pernafasan dan pencernaan, tetapi segera berikan segelas air dan dapatkan bantuan medis.
Hindari kontak kulit dan selalu gunakan pakaian pelindung. Jika terjadi kontak kulit, lepaskan semua pakaian yang terkontaminasi dan cuci permukaan kulit dengan saksama. Satu tetes katalis yang mengenai jari bisa menyebar ke bagian kulit lainnya karena rasa gatal yang tidak tertahankan. Apabila rasa gatal dan perih tidak kunjung hilang, segeralah konsultasikan ke pihak medis.
Beberapa peneliti juga menyebutkan bahwa bau menyengat katalis MEKP juga berbahaya terhadap kesehatan paru-paru sama halnya dengan bau bahan resin poliester sendiri. Sebaiknya masker selalu digunakan pada saat melakukan kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan resin dan katalis ini.
Beberapa peneliti juga menyebutkan bahwa bau menyengat katalis MEKP juga berbahaya terhadap kesehatan paru-paru sama halnya dengan bau bahan resin poliester sendiri. Sebaiknya masker selalu digunakan pada saat melakukan kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan resin dan katalis ini.
Berapa banyak yang harus digunakan?
Penggunaan katalis MEKP yang tidek sesuai bisa berbahaya dan mengakibatkan panas berlebih bahkan menimbulkan api sebagai pemicu kebakaran.
Pada artikel terdahulu sudah dibahas bahwa secara umum penggunaan takaran katalis dihitung dalam persentase yaitu penggunaan katalis 1% dari banyaknya resin = 10ml katalis untuk 1kg resin. Aturan praktis untuk poliester resin laminating antara 1% dan 2% yaitu 1% untuk cuaca panas (untuk memberi waktu pembasahan maksimum) dan 2% untuk cuaca dingin atau malam.
Mungkin ada pertanyaan kenapa mengukur resin dan katalis menurut berat – alasannya adalah bahwa cara ini adalah cara termudah untuk menghitung lebih akurat. Untuk takaran resin poliester, timbangan dapur sudah cukup memadai dimana timbangan dapat selalu dimasukkan ke dalam kantong plastik bening dan cara ini tentu tidak bermasalah apabila digunakan untuk mengukur bahan memasak. Tidak ada metode lain yang lebih baik dari pada metode ukur timbang, sebab banyaknya resin dengan volume sulit ditentukan dimana resin yang berbeda memiliki gravitasi spesifik yang berbeda pula. Sebagian orang mulai meninggalkan pengukuran menggunakan alat ukur cangkir dan lebih mudah membaca angka di petunjuk timbangan dari pada membaca tanda di sisi tabung reaksi. kalau memang harus memakai alat ukur volume, aturan kasar (atau mungkin keseluruhannya) adalah menghitung 1 liter dengan berat sekitar 1,1kg untuk mendapatkan hasil akurat dan alasan ini juga berlaku dibeberapa produk lain seperti misalnya: ½ liter karton susu akan menampung kira-kira 550gram atau minuman 375ml atau cairan lain yang bisa menampung sekitar 425 gram. Ini hanyalah sebuah contoh metode alternatif yang baik untuk digunakan.
Sebagai panduan, Kerajinan Kreatif menyertakan gambar skala perbandingan yang mudah-mudahan bisa membantu.
 |
| Diagram Perbandingan Resin dan Katalis MEKP |
Demikian penjelasan singkat mengenai katalis yang sering digunakan sebagai pengeras resin dalam pembuatan fiberglass. Semoga dengan adanya tulisan ini, bisa menambah kepedulian kita terhadap kesehatan dan keamanan lingkungan kerja kita dari bahaya.
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